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 What are greenhouse gases?

The most important greenhouse gases

  Among the most important greenhouse gases - greenhouse gases - that affect the Earth's climate are the following:

Water vapor is the most influential greenhouse gas on the Earth’s climate, as its concentration plays a major role in controlling the temperature. When the air becomes warmer, the amount of water vapor it carries increases. 

If the air becomes saturated with water vapor at a certain temperature, it condenses as drops in the clouds, and if these drops are large enough, they fall as rain.

Carbon Dioxide

 Carbon dioxide is a secondary compound in the atmosphere, but it is very important, as it is emitted through several natural processes, such as respiration, volcanic eruptions, in addition to human activities that include deforestation and burning fossil fuels, as these activities contributed to an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide. 

Carbon dioxide has increased by more than a third since the start of the industrial revolution, so this has a long-term impact on climate change.

 

methane

 The concentration of methane is characterized as one of the most increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, as the concentration of methane has increased over the past years at an average of 1% annually, and is responsible for approximately 20% of the global warming effect, while its sources include coal mines, livestock pens, and fields Rice, organic waste dumps, natural gas pipeline leaks, as well as the incomplete combustion of vegetation in forests.

nitrous oxide

  Nitrous oxide is naturally produced in the atmosphere as part of the nitrogen cycle and is also produced by human activities, such as agriculture, burning fossil fuels, and wastewater management, as these activities contribute to increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, according to the World Environmental Protection Agency. 

Nitrous oxide has a long life span of up to 120 years until it is removed and destroyed as a result of chemical reactions, and it has an effect on global warming equivalent to 300 times that of carbon dioxide.

ozone

Ozone, or smog, is produced on the Earth's surface when nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons interact with sunlight and are emitted from pollution sources including cars and power plants. Ground ozone gas is a dangerous pollutant; It also has an effect on the lungs, in addition to causing 5% of the global warming effect.

CFC

CFCs are not produced from natural sources, but rather from several different industries, such as coolants, cleaning solutions, and spray cans.

 Since their production began in 1928, the concentration of these compounds in the atmosphere has increased, but when their destructive effect on the ozone layer was discovered, efforts were made These efforts were successful, however, there is a possibility that these compounds will remain in the atmosphere for up to 100 years due to their long life.

fluorinated gases

Fluorocarbons include hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride.

 All of these gases are produced from a variety of industrial activities, as they are sometimes used as alternatives to substances that destroy the ozone layer, although the percentage of their emission is usually Few, it has a strong impact on global warming.

An overview of greenhouse gases

 Greenhouse gases, or greenhouse gases, are chemical compounds in the Earth's atmosphere that allow solar radiation with short wavelengths, including visible light and ultraviolet rays, to reach the Earth's surface without any obstacles while absorbing the energy of ultraviolet rays. 

The long wavelengths, that is, the infrared radiation, prevent it from returning to space and trapping it in the lower atmospheric layers. 

These gases are produced from natural sources as well as various human and industrial activities. 

In addition, the concentrations of these gases from both sources are on the rise during the past centuries; This is due to the industrial revolution in addition to the increase in the world's population and its increasing dependence on burning fossil fuels.