Unemployment, its causes, and treatment
Unemployment, in addition to the economic problems on the shoulders of the individual, causes a high crime rate, and societies that suffer from unemployment deteriorate culturally, socially, and morally, so societies usually seek to get rid of this phenomenon, and prevent the development of this problem, so what is unemployment, and what are the solutions possible?
definition of unemployment
The word unemployment expresses the situation in which there are no jobs, and this is only the linguistic meaning of it. As for the idiomatic meaning of unemployment, it can be broader. The concept of unemployment is defined as the presence of individuals in society who can work, and they used all available means to search for A job that suits their abilities, but they were unable to get a suitable job opportunity. The concept of unemployment expresses people who are qualified to work, that is, it excludes retirees or those who are unable to work due to old age or illness, and it also excludes children, and this segment is called the labour force.
Causes of unemployment
The phenomenon of unemployment is one of the most dangerous phenomena that can face societies, as it constitutes an economic, social, moral,l and cultural threat, and the high rate of unemployment in the Arab world causes a great obstacle. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the causes of unemployment, and to search for solutions to them, as these causes differ according to the circumstances of each society, including:
• Political causes of unemployment:
All Arab countries suffer from crises and wars, which prevent the governments of the affected countries from being able to support the business sector, in addition to the lack of political development, which should affect the development of the economic situation.
• Economic reasons for unemployment:
The inability of countries and governments to develop the business sector reduces the available job opportunities, while the growth of the number of qualified people does not stop, which subsequently causes the unequal number of opportunities with the number of qualified people, which is embodied in the problem of unemployment.
• Social and cultural reasons for unemployment:
Some societal cultures, such as the "culture of shame", lead to an increase in the unemployment phenomenon and its entry into the problem. Social phenomena such as high population rates also lead to a growing problem of unemployment, as it increases the inequality of the number of qualified people with the number of opportunities available, at the long level. The problem of the inability of some societies to develop new project ideas can be taken into consideration, in addition to the outcomes of the educational process, which sometimes produces generations qualified to respond to despair or surrender to the blockage of the horizon.
types of unemployment
• Cyclical unemployment:
it accompanies the economic cycle, and its period usually extends from 3 to 10 years.
• Frictional unemployment:
It is unemployment that occurs due to the continuous movement of workers, between different regions and professions, and it is temporary unemployment that ends once they are settled.
• Structural unemployment:
It is a type of unemployment that affects part of the labour force, due to structural changes that occur in the national economy and affect the business sector.
• Blatant unemployment:
It is a more powerful and effective state of unemployment. It can be cyclical, friction,l or structural.
• Seasonal unemployment:
It is unemployment that occurs due to the dependence of some types of businesses on specific seasons of operation, so the worker's sector recovers in a certain period, then relapses at the end of the season. Examples of this type of unemployment are agricultural work and related businesses, such as the work of olive presses.
• Disguised unemployment:
a situation in which a large number of workers accumulate, in a way that exceeds the actual state of work, which means that there is excess or surplus employment, which produces almost nothing, and this type prevails in most public sector institutions in some third world countries.
Suggested solutions to the unemployment problem
• Activating the state's role in combating unemployment. This is done by implementing the state's role in the economy by supporting the public sector financially, technically, and humanly, reforming it, eliminating corruption, and activating oversight in it.
• Reducing taxes, which would encourage spending, which would improve the country's general economic situation and increase the investment opportunity that provides potential job opportunities.
• Supporting small projects and activating microfinance, in addition to concluding economic and investment agreements with neighbouring countries, and encouraging investment by reducing the level of requirements and conditions imposed by the government on investors.
• Develop the education sector in line with technological development, to produce a generation capable of developing accompanying ideas.
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