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 a preventive measure for those who are about to marry

Marriage examinations are the first line of defence for a complete family consisting of a father, mother, and healthy children. Marriage analyzes primarily help a married couple to identify a wide range of conditions such as genetic disorders, blood-borne diseases, and infectious diseases. What is a premarital examination? What are the conditions for pre-marital examination? How long is the marriage examination? This is the thing that we will learn in this article.

Pre-marital examination

Marriage examinations or pre-marital examinations are defined as the laboratory tests that couples undergo to marry to ensure that the marriage is not linked to any health risks that may affect one or both spouses or their children in the future.

Premarital examinations include infectious diseases and diseases transmitted through blood, and finally, genetic disorders, especially in cases of consanguineous marriage, in which the chance of transmission of genetic defects to children increases, as in Down syndrome.

In this way, important medicines can be given suitably if any irregularities are identified. Premarital fertility analysis can also contribute to the discovery of abnormal conditions that are likely to reduce the chances of pregnancy and childbearing, and treat them as soon as possible without exposure to psychological, social, and emotional trauma. Unnecessary things associated with pregnancy and childbearing.

The importance of pre-marital examinations 

The goal of conducting marriage examinations and obtaining counselling is to avoid risks or consequences that may occur to the fetus or affect the ability of one of the spouses to have children.

 Since marriage must be based on openness and trust from both parties, and some marriage analyzes are carried out with prior approval and approval, the matter must be explained to both parties when they attend together.

But if each party wants to attend separately and wants to keep the results of his analysis himself and not let the other party know about them, his secrets should not be disclosed, and this does not prevent him from informing him of the consequences of those tests, and whether there is a danger or impediment to the completion of this marriage.

1. Therefore, the importance of premarital analysis lies in the following:
2. Checking the general health status of both spouses.
3. Checking the absence of factors that increase the chance of future children developing genetic disorders, such as premarital analysis of thalassemia (a blood disorder that affects hemoglobin).
4. Verify that neither of the spouses carries the recessive genes for genetic diseases that may affect the offspring through a premarital examination for genetic diseases.
5. Detecting infectious diseases such as hepatitis C or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
6. Detecting any disorders that may cause infertility or delayed childbearing in both sexes (rarely).

Reasons for marriage examinations

There are several reasons for doing tests before marriage, and these reasons include the following:

1. The advancing age of the wife for more than 35 years at conception is accompanied by an increase in the rate of pre-eclampsia and infant mortality and an increase in the rate of cesarean deliveries, as well as the percentage of children born with chromosomal abnormalities compared to those in their 20s.
2. Diseases that the wife may suffer from, such as diabetes, where a normal blood sugar level must be reached before pregnancy, otherwise the incidence of fetal abnormalities will increase. Also, some cases of heart disease must be completely stable before pregnancy occurs, and in some cases, pregnancy may not be recommended at all, as it threatens the mother's life.
3. Detection of other diseases such as hyperthyroidism, epilepsy, or with the use of anticoagulant drugs, the appropriate treatment for pregnancy must be reached, as some of these drugs seriously harm the fetus. Also, sickle cell disease and thalassemia may be passed on to the fetus in its severe form if both spouses have the same disease or are carriers of it.
4. Verify the blood type (negative blood groups) of the wife, who may need certain treatment and follow-up during pregnancy and after childbirth.
5. Detection of some diseases of the immune system, or infection with some viruses or diseases of the reproductive system of the spouses.
6. Giving some advice related to diet, especially for those who exercise violently who follow a severe diet, or who are committed to vegetarian food. We also recommend giving folic acid before pregnancy, as it reduces the rate of neural tube defects in the fetus, quitting smoking, and reducing coffee consumption because of its negative effects on fertilization and fetal development.
7. Assessing the family history of the future husband, to ensure the presence of some congenital and hereditary diseases or abnormalities that may be transmitted to their children, such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia, as well as some abnormalities of the heart, neural tube, cleft lip, diabetes, and epilepsy.

Timing of pre-marital examinations

Those who are about to get married are recommended to undergo laboratory tests immediately after planning their marriage to avoid disappointment if the results are not satisfactory. It is worth noting that there are no conditions for a pre-marital examination as it is performed when going to the laboratory, and the length of the marriage examination depends on the number and type of tests and then given Premarital examination certificate, or the so-called premarital examination results.

Types of blood tests before marriage

The types of marriage examination differ from one country to another, depending on the diseases prevalent in those countries, but in general, premarital analyzes include the following types:

• General health assessment: This assessment includes weight, height, blood pressure, respiratory and cardiovascular functions, as well as a breast and abdominal examination.

• Blood tests: To detect any signs that may lead to abnormal conditions, marriage blood tests include the following: 
• Blood type check.

• Blood cell concentration is associated with anemia.
• Immune function testing such as antibodies against rubella and hepatitis B.
• Underlying diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and thyroid disorders.
• Detection of genetic diseases.
• Gynecological examination: To assess the health of a woman's reproductive system.
• Screening for sexually transmitted diseases: such as AIDS, hepatitis B, and C.
• Fertility testing: This is necessary to avoid the psychological, social, and emotional trauma associated with infertility.
• Testing for genetic or chronic medical conditions: This test depends on the region and the genetic conditions common in that population.

 These tests include screening for diabetes, high blood pressure, certain types of cancer, kidney disease, and hemoglobin electrophoresis.

Non-routine premarital examinations

There is a part of marriage tests that are not done periodically or routinely. These checks include the following:

1. HIV laboratory test.
2. Syphilis.
3. Chlamydia.
4. Semen analysis.
5. Hormones are associated with the fertility of both sexes.